System dynamics model for analyzing effects of eco-design policy on packaging waste management system

EU's long-term objective is to become a recycling and resource effective society, where waste is utilized as a resource and waste generation is prevented. A system dynamics model was developed to analyze the policy mechanisms that promote packaging material efficiency in products through increased recycling rates. The model includes economic incentives such as packaging and landfill taxes combined with market mechanisms, behavioral aspects and ecological considerations in terms of material efficiency (the packaging material per product unit, recycled fraction in products). The paper presents the results of application of various policy instruments for increasing packaging material efficiency and recovery rate and reducing landfilled fraction. The results show that a packaging tax is an effective policy instrument for increasing the material efficiency. It ensures the decrease of the total consumption of materials and subsequent waste generation. The tax helps to counteract a rebound effect, which, as identified by the analysis, can be caused by reduced material costs due to eco-design. The model is applied to the case of Latvia. Yet, the elements and structure of the model developed are similar to waste management systems in many countries. By changing numeric values of certain parameters, the model can be applied to analyze policy mechanisms in other countries.     

矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统设计与实现

以肥城矿区为背景,基于Personal Geodatabase模型构建了空间数据库,采用C#作为开发语言,借助ArcGIS Engine的控件开发了矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统.根据数据获取方式不同,将空间数据库分为基础地理数据库、专题数据库、实地监测数据库和表格数据库4部分,系统实现了矿区空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理,多时相遥感数据的对比分析,水质、土壤湿度的动态监测,矿区各类地物面积的统计分析等功能.     

排污总量核定中的主要问题及解决途径

排放污染物总量核定是排放污染物总量控制中的一项难度很大的基础工作。文章针对目前排污总量核定中存在的环境监测硬件投入不足、体系不完善、可操作性不强、法律效力不够和规范化管理不力等问题 ,提出了排污总量核定应形成一项基本的工作制度 ,应加强排污总量核定体系的运行和监督管理。     

区域红壤资源信息系统的建立

将GIS技术与数学模型相结合,探讨区域红壤资源信息系统的建立与应用.在明确红壤资源信息系统研制的目的、任务与基本原则的基础上,进行系统的总体设计.划分系统的模块和确定系统的各个组成部分,并确定系统的软硬件配置、设计系统界面.建立空间数据库及多种分析与应用模型.     

城市煤气输配过程中的变频调速自动恒压控制系统

将河南平顶山煤气公司原煤气输配系统改造成为自动恒压控制系统,从而提高安全系数,降低煤气输配电耗。     

Contaminants in the coastal karst aquifer system along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Intensive land development as a result of the rapidly growing tourism industry in the “Riviera Maya” region of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico may result in contamination of groundwater resources that eventually discharge into Caribbean coastal ecosystems. We deployed two types of passive sampling devices into groundwater flowing through cave systems below two communities to evaluate concentrations of contaminants and to indicate the possible sources. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products accumulated in the samplers could only have originated from domestic sewage. PAHs indicated contamination by runoff from highways and other impermeable surfaces and chlorophenoxy herbicides accumulated in samplers deployed near a golf course indicated that pesticide applications to turf are a source of contamination. Prevention and mitigation measures are needed to ensure that expanding development does not impact the marine environment and human health, thus damaging the tourism-based economy of the region.     

关于建立自然灾害评估系统的总体构思

本文对建立自然灾害评估系统的总体构思进行了初步的探讨,其中包括自然灾害评估指标系统;灾害评估的分类和程序;自然灾害评估的基础工作;自然灾害评估的主要手段;自然灾害评估系统的模式和灾害数据库的建立。     

企业环保设施市场化运营瓶颈的经济博弈分析

从经济学角度构建了企业环境污染的理论模型。并运用制度经济学与博弈论原理揭示我国企业环境污染行为与企业环保设施市场化运营瓶颈的内在原因，据此给出制度改革的有效建议。     

对环境税的一般均衡分析与应用模式探讨

中国的环境污染问题伴随着经济的发展而日趋严重．因此环境问题也成为了我国CGE模型开发者关注的一个焦点。本文利用一个可计算的一般均衡模型模拟了税收改革政策对生产、消费和政府收入所产生的一系列影响。仿真结果说明了对不周行业根据污染的强度不同的税率按产值征税．可以在控制污染行业产量．保护环境的同时．促进整体税制改革，减轻企业的所得税负担和居民的纳税负担。增加政府收入．从数字上说明环境税的“双盈”效应假说是可行的。     

广东省土地资源可持续利用评价研究

基于广东省城市化进程中土地资源利用之特点，利用熵权技术和线性加成技术建立了广东省土地资源可持续利用的评价体系，并对广东省1992～2002年期间土地利用的基本状况进行了实证分析，研究表明：广东省土地资源利用状况从总体上看是趋好的，在经历了1992～1995年的弱可持续之后，目前已进入良性发展阶段，其经济指标和社会指标均处于良好发展势头．但资源和环境指标在2000年后呈明显下滑趋势。这应该引起政府及有关部门高度重视。